The Importance of Diversity Management - 1829 Words

The need for communication within the organization is now as critical as external communication. The reason for this is grounded in rising diversity issues which can lead to cultural clashes and sexual harassment issues but that is not all; conflicts of any kind can be detrimental to the performance of the entire organization and hence we need more effective communication strategies to deal with all these issues in the workplace. diversity management is one of the key issues facing corporate America today. Higher number of female workers along with influx of immigrants from various racial and ethnic backgrounds in the workforce has prompted a need for diversity management because lack of the same can cause serious legal and performance problems. Diversity management refers to the strategies that seek to create a positive and healthy environment for everyone at the workplace. In more meaningful terms, diversity management is any effort made to train managers and other employees to get along with each other in a more positive manner. Diversity management is closely connected with good overall performance because it results in reduction of costs associated with unnecessary turnover, employee clashes, and lawsuits. Another major reason why companies perform better is because of the positive reputation they enjoy in the market when diversity management is in place. If a firm is known to be an equal opportunity provider that makes every effort to handle diversity in anShow MoreRelatedHR Roles and Responsibilities Paper 997 Words   |  4 Pages Human resource management is described as the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees behavior, attitudes, and performance.(Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhert, B., Wright, P. (2003). Fundamentals of human resource management, 1e. McGraw-Hill Companies.) The human resource department is essential to the progress of an organization. When a company is equipped withRead MoreDiversity For Success Of The Company1036 Words   |  5 Pagesin the workplace. The author reveals that management has to ensure it successfully handles diversity in the workforce. The author argues that in the current workforce, which is diverse, the challenge is exclusion. The book has compiled extensive current information on social policy trends, legislative and demographic, as well as the analysis of causes and effects of workforce exclusion, and reveals that learning about how to manage the issue of diversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensiveRead MoreThe Issues Of Diversity For Succ ess Of The Company1037 Words   |  5 Pagesinclusiveness in the workplace. The author reveals that management has to ensure it successfully handles diversity in the workforce. The author argues that in the current workforce, which is diverse, the challenge is exclusion. The book compiles extensive current information on social policy trends, legislative and demographic, as well as the analysis of causes and effects of workforce exclusion, and reveals that learning about how to manage the issue of diversity is critical. Therefore, based on the extensiveRead MoreDefining Diversity: the Evolution of Diversity1435 Words   |  6 PagesDEFINING DIVERSITY: THE EVOLUTION OF DIVERSITY by Camille Kapoor 1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS DIVERSITY? The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical ability, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differencesRead MoreAchieving a Competitive Advantage: Managing Diversity1249 Words   |  5 PagesManaging Diversity can help an organisation achieve a competitive advantage Rapidly changing demographics in particular western countries place more importance than ever on the need to manage diversity in the workplace. XYZ is a relatively new diversity strategy that has emerged from earlier concepts of Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action. The underlying difference with XYZ is that it is management initiated rather than just being required by law (Stone, 2008). This essay willRead MoreManaging Diversity Through Self-Awareness and Personal Motivation1306 Words   |  6 PagesManaging Diversity through Self-Awareness and Personal Motivation Managing diversity has the potential to be one of the most challenging issues for healthcare management. Healthcare organizational growth requires an increase in workforce, and workforce is becoming more multicultural and diverse. In order for one to manage diversity effectively, one must be self-aware and personally motivated. One’s self-awareness and behavior have the potential to be influenced by different factors such as cultureRead Morefgdgdg1732 Words   |  7 PagesObjectives Define organizational diversity and distinguish between affirmative action and diversity management. Distinguish multicultural, plural, and monolithic organizations. Describe the demographic characteristics of the U.S. population and explain their implications for the composition of the workplace. Discuss general changes in the United States that are increasing the importance of managing diversity effectively. Understand why successfully managing diversity is extremely important for high-involvementRead MoreDiversity Within The Organization : Workforce Diversity Management Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"diversity† usually refers to individual characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, culture, age but as time has advanced, it is now also known to defer between those of sexual orientation and physical or mental abilities. Through time, not only the notion of diversity has become more broad but it has also been more focused on. Due to its ability to provide benefits such as improved morale, contrasting perceptions and strategies, enhanced teamwork and mutual understanding within the organisationRead MoreFunctions And Functions Of Management1113 Words   |  5 PagesThere are four primary functions involving management, which are considered the very life line and it’s existent. These four functions are instrumental and detrimental to the success and longevity of any company. Without these vital staples, a company is doomed before it is birth, and they are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. However, there is another essential component to the functions of management, and it is the important of diversity. In this paper I will identify the detailedRead MoreThe Changing Role of Hr Management1106 Words   |  5 PagesRole of HR Management University of Phoenix Human Resources Management The Changing Role of HR Management For years, businesses relied on personnel departments for the management of their employees. The primary concerns of the personnel departments included attendance records, benefits, and salary. Therefore, the personnel departments did not consider the importance of contributions a company’s employees made to the business. These contributions included such things as diversity and intellectual

Case Study Pho 24 Vietnam - 6640 Words

This article was downloaded by: [RMIT University] On: 21 March 2013, At: 13:11 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Marketing Channels Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wjmc20 Pioneering Asian Franchise Brands: Pho24 in Vietnam Lorelle Frazer Bill Merrilees a a a Asia-Pacific Centre for Franchising Excellence, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Australia Version of record first published: 30 Aug 2012. To cite this article: Lorelle Frazer Bill Merrilees (2012): Pioneering Asian Franchise†¦show more content†¦Very little is known about Asian franchising brands. It seems that the penetration of franchising is more limited in Asia, though the reasons for this are unclear. Additionally, little is known about the extent to which Asian franchise brands have primarily used Western approaches to franchise brand management or whether these systems have been adapted to suit the Asian context. The initial expectation was that some adaption of the franchise brand management system occurs in an Asian context, with the purpose of the article to more precisely analze the nature of this adaption. The objective of the current article is to tackle these two questions, namely to document the birth and development of Vietnam’s leading home-grown franchise brand, Pho24, and to analyze the extent of franchise brand management system adaption in an Asian context. That is, the article inv estigates Vietnam’s largest franchise brand system, Pho24, the first major domestic franchising system developed and grown in Vietnam. Vietnam is touted as a potential next-wave Asian tiger, adding to the intrigue to find out the state-of-the-art franchising currently in that country. Franchise branding is a particularly usefulShow MoreRelatedCase Study: Pho 24 Vietnam6652 Words   |  27 Pagesinformation: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wjmc20 Pioneering Asian Franchise Brands: Pho24 in Vietnam Lorelle Frazer Bill Merrilees a a a Asia-Pacific Centre for Franchising Excellence, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Australia Version of record first published: 30 Aug 2012. To cite this article: Lorelle Frazer Bill Merrilees (2012): Pioneering Asian Franchise Brands: Pho24 in Vietnam, Journal of Marketing Channels, 19:4, 295-309 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1046669XRead MoreAir Pollution in Hochiminh City3752 Words   |  16 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION TO AIR POLLUTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY Ho Chi Minh City, 24 Nov, 2012 Lecturer: Vo Duc Hoang Vu Students: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Chau 1001017412 Le Thi Thuy Hong 1001017456 Nguyen Pham Dieu Linh 1001017479 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: 1 I- INDUSTRIALIZATION IN HO CHI MINH CITY: 1 1. Industrialization definition: 1 2. Industrialization growth in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC): 1 II- AIR POLLUTION IN HO CHI MINH CITY: 2 1. Air pollution definition: 2 2. Air pollution presentRead MoreSchool Violence9005 Words   |  37 Pagesof School Violence 12 4.2. Cause of School Violence 13 4.2.1. Directly Cause. 14 4.2.2. Indirectly Cause 15 4.3. Solution of School Violence 18 4.3.1. The command Solutions 19 4.3.2. Other Proposed Solution 24 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24 5.1. Recapitulation 24 5.2. Recommendation 25 REFERENCES 25 APPENDICES 28 APPENDIX B. CRITERIA FOR INTERVIEW 34 I. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Rationale School violence is not just an isolated issue that has now become a problem of the wholeRead MoreMass Media in General and Newspapers12440 Words   |  50 PagesSo that is why I carry out the â€Å"Study on translating English newspaper headlines into Vietnamese newspaper headlines on Dantri online newspaper†. 2. Scope of the study The study focuses on the English headlines from some foreign news agencies’ articles and their equivalent headlines on Dantri online newspaper (http://www.dantri.com.vn), particularly focuses on language structures (forms) and functions of these newspaper headlines. 3. Aims of the study The study aims at: * Criticizing the

Scarlet Letter And Scaffold Essay Example For Students

Scarlet Letter And Scaffold Essay Scaffold I am as content to die for Gods eternal truth on the scaffold asin any other way (Bookshelf), John Brown, a U.S. abolitionist in 1859, saidin a letter to his children on the eve of his execution. The scaffold is araised wooden framework or platform used for public speaking. It is similar to astage or a framework. A scaffold is also a platform used in the execution ofcondemned prisoners, as by hanging or beheading. A scaffold can also be a raisedplatform, seat or stand used for the purpose of exhibiting persons or actions tothe public view (Websters). A scaffold, similar to a stage, platform orframework, can be permanent. Other types of permanent scaffolds are used inbridges. The basic beam bridge, a simple beam over a span, is strengthened byadding support piers underneath and by reinforcing the structure with elaboratescaffolding called a truss. This method of scaffolding is clearly apparent inmost present day bridges, but most travelers do not even realize this fact. Thesc affolding includes the huge poles or wires that sit on top of the bridge; thissuspension is an extremely advanced scaffold. This method is sometimes also usedin suspending a roof. Scaffolds, however, can also be temporary. A scaffold isalso a temporary platform, usually suspended on poles from below or suspendedfrom above, on which workers sit or stand during the erection, repairing ordecoration of a building. For instance, construction workers stand on scaffoldswhen building a new structure. Scaffolding allows workers to transportthemselves and their materials up and down an unfinished building duringconstruction. Also, a person cleaning the windows of a building must use ascaffold to reach all the windows above ground. Michelangelo used a scaffold topaint the frescoes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome (Groilers). Heworked on a scaffold sixty feet above ground, which covered 10,000 square feetof surface. Another type of temporary scaffold is used in boating and fishing. Aflake is a scaffold lowered over the side of a ship to support workers orcaulkers when they are either fishing or drying the captured fish (Websters). The ancient Egyptians can be considered the first people to use temporaryscaffolding. The entrance to the Great Pyramid is fifty-five feet above groundlevel. The entrance was intended for use only once, during King Khufusfuneral (Groilers). Special scaffolding was erected so the coffin could beplaced inside the pyramid. The scaffolding was then dismantled as a safetymeasure against grave robbers. Scaffold can also be used as a verb. To scaffoldcould mean to prop up. For instance, new titles may be scaffolded with laws. That is, laws will support the titles. Another, every day, yet connotative, useof the word scaffold would mean to execute. A person who is scaffolded isexecuted. Scaffold usually denotes a negative, punishing aura when it is used asa verb. As a verb, scaffold is not often used and is a word from early America. Thus, the word can have many different meanings. The scaffold plays an importantdenotative role in many books, movie and plays. One such book is The ScarletLetter. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story of a young woman,Hester Prynne, living in Puritan dominated Salem, Massachusetts, who commitsadultery. The man with whom she engages in the affair is one of the townsReverends, Mr. Dimmesdale. Hester and Dimmesdale have a baby, Pearl. Hestershusband, Roger Chillingworth, who was missing for two years, returns to findHester being punished for cheating on him. Hester Prynne passed through thisportion of her ordeal, and came to a sort of scaffold (51), Hawthorne tellsin the opening seen of the novel. In The Scarlet Letter, the scaffold acts as aplace for punishment. This scaffold constituted a portion of a penal machine,which now, for two or three generations past, has been merely historical andtraditionary among us, but was held, in the old time, to be as effectual anagent in the promotion of good citizenship, as ever was the guillotine,Hawthorne states in explaining the scaffolds use. The scaffold had wooden stepsleading on to it. The steps of the scaffold became the walk of death for manypeople before they were beheaded. A balcony or open gallery stood over theplatform and was attached to the meetinghouse. During Hesters punishment, theministers and Governor sat in the gallery in order

Software Programmer Essays - Word Processors, Application Software

Software Programmer Software Programmer A software programmer programs and writes software and different applications for computers. For example, different software programmers wrote the software word processor MS Works 2.0, and different programmers write games. Some requirements are: - 3 to 5 years experience in RPGII or RPG/400 programming. - comprehension of computer binary language. - familiar with CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering). - familiar with structured programming system. - familiar with FORTRAN (math applications), COBOL system (for business applications), and LISP (for artificial intelligence applications). The salary of a software programmer depends on the program written, but is approximately $60 000 - 80 000 annually. Commcorp Project Leader The Project leader for the Commcorp corporation designs and implements new systems for all areas of Commcorp as well as maintaining existing programs. Some requirements are: - 5 years progressive experience in an MVS/XA environment - detailed knowledge of COBOL (for business applications) - detailed knowledge and experience in CICS, VSAM, and MICROS. - Strong analytical, design and leadership skills an asset. The salary of a project leader varies occasionally, but in this case it is an important position, earning $60 000 - 70 000 annually. Systems Administrator Systems Administrator is responsible for administering overall system needs in a business (in this case, the College). Some requirements include: - A degree in computer science or technical college diploma in a related discipline. - 2 years or more experience in database design. - Two years experience in a Novell / DOS environment. - Knowledge of overall PC hardware The job offers a very competitive salary, ranging from around $35 000 to 50 000 annually. Contributing Editor A Contributing Editor (in this case, the contributing editor of PC World), more or less edits and goes through the magazine and adds editorials in places. In this magazine, the Contributing Editor, Richard Scoville, helps to write editorials to put in the magazine as well as helping to rate and test software. Some requirements are: - 3 - 5 years experience at editing, or as an editor for another magazine. - Experience with DOS and computers software / hardware. - Strong analytical skills and experience in rating and testing in software applications. The salary of a contributing editor depends entirely on the magazine the editor works for. The larger the magazine, the higher the salary. The salary in this case would be approximately $60 000 to $80 000 annually. Technical Writer A Technical Writer is responsible for a variety of written materials in a fast-paced environment. In addition to producing effective manuals, tutorials, training scripts and collateral, he/she assists in translations of materials for foreign markets. Some requirements are: - 3 years experience as a Technical writer. - Experience, and writing and editing skills talents are essential. - WordPerfect experience, as well as other word processors. - Fast typing skills (60 + WPM). - All Word processing and desktop publishing skills. The salary of a Technical Writer often varies, but usually is approximately $40 000 to 50 000 annually. Network Specialist A Network Specialist is required to design, implement, and provide high quality support of WAN and LAN network devices and facilities in an international network environment. Also to maintain and improve network performance by planning and introducing new technology and services. Some requirements are: - Experience in WAN and LAN networking - Experience in design and supporting of networks - A background in communications, Ethernet, Appletalk, bridges, routers, and multiplexors. - Graduation from a community college technologist's program or the equivalent is also required. The salary for a Network Specialist is approximately $30 000 - $40 000 annually. Sales Manager A Sales Manager will have a number of responsibilities including recruiting, training, staff development and daily operations in a commissioned sales organization. Some requirements are: - Extensive sales related experience - Experience in computers, accounting programs and familiar with other computer software. - Skilled at building and motivating a sales team of at least ten. The salary of a Sales Manager often varies, but more or less stays around the figure of $25 000 to $35 000 annually. Clerk Typist A Clerk Typist is responsible for copy-typing, taking dictation's, and possibly taking minutes at meetings. A Clerk Typist takes on a variety of office functions in a service environment, and is usually indispensable. Some requirements are: - Excellent communicational and interpersonal skills. - Experience in WordPerfect, or a main word processor. - High speed typing, at least 50 WPM The annual salary of a clerk typist is more or less a round number with hardly varies at $20 000 to $30 000 annually. Accounting Manager An Accounting Manager is responsible for all aspects of accounting, including general ledger, monthly financial statements, accounts payable, tax returns, and fixed asset sub ledgers. Some requirements are: - Must possess a C.M.A. or C.G.A. designation. - 3

On your knees do not get up Review Essay Example

On your knees do not get up Review Paper Essay on On your knees do not get up The privilege of hatred » A small booklet, published in paperback by the publishing house of political literature in 1992, a circulation of 15 thousand., Was designed as modestly noted in his review, to those who are interested in the political history of our country. The phrase political history extraordinarily accurate. In fact, Substantiality definition policy this is exactly the social activity, which is no other than the class relations of the company It is clear that neither the history of class relations, nor their study can not be. indifferent by this relationship, but this is only one side. On the other can tell a lot for those interested in their content. The emergence of this literature the phenomenon is always extraordinary unique and rare, worthy of attention, effort, apparently, as an exception only in the most critical periods of changing forms of political domination in the country, and more specifically, changing forms of Russian politarizma in 1991-1993, (what politarizm see review.) We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on On your knees do not get up Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the content of the class relations in general and relations politarnyh, in particular, is almost never the exception of periods of revolutionary upheaval is not on the surface.. Moreover, carefully hidden ideological attendants power because, as you know, is always oppressing classes need to safeguard their rule of two social functions: the function of the hangman and the function priest (VI Lenin, Collected Works Full T .26. p.237). In addition to several articles of political biography MN Ryutin, the book was first published two stunning revelations of their document: 1) Stalin and the crisis of the proletarian dictatorship the so-called Ryutin platform (see here.); 2) All members of the CPSU (b) a manifesto Union Conference Union of Marxist-Leninists » Their author Martemyan Ryutin. . Both documents are vivid descriptions and denunciations politarnyh reality of class relations of the Russian society caught in the late 20s and early 30-ies. Fever nomination IV Stalins unlimited, uncontrolled power, and to the dealership just formed party-bureaucratic hierarchy a huge (several hundred thousand) is already on the scale of the party nomenklatura system (Class politaristov in the modern theory):  «lies and slander, shootings and arrests, guns and machine guns, in all ways and means they will defend their dominance in the party and the country, because they see them as their patrimony  », clearly stated in the second of these documents  «Politburo, the Presidium of the Central Control Commission, secretaries regional committees as a result of the changes in the life of the party and the 18 Brumaire Stalin turned into a gang of unscrupulous, have become a hopeless liar and cowardly politicians, and Stalin in an unlimited and irremovable dictator exhibiting ten times more blunt arbitrariness, tyranny and violence against the masses than any autocratic monarchy. Stalin and his clique did not go away and can not voluntarily withdraw from their seats, so they must be eliminated by force (ibid). August 21, 1932 in the village of Golovino under Moscow held a meeting of a small group of like-minded, having heard the report of the MN Ryutin Party crisis and the proletarian dictatorship. After discussion, the report was laid in the foundation of the platform adopted by the organization, by a suggestion Ryutin was decided to name Union of Marxist-Leninists. Many of those present were of a like-minded group, whose views are represented at this meeting conference. The text of the appeal to all members of the party met then the majority of the teachers of the Institute of Red Professors (AN Slepkov, DP Marecki, YE Stan, PG Petrovsky, and others.) And former leaders of the united opposition. Circle familiar with the document on a read refer a friend increased rapidly September 22 Rutin was arrested.. In the case of the organization was held about 50 people. Almost all have been expelled from the party. Ryutin fate was decided at the meeting of the Politburo, where the Secretary General demanded the execution of the authors platform Union of Marxist-Leninists. But in 1932, members of the Politburo the party oligarchs not allowed Stalin to make a political punishment and the death penalty against Honored the party at that time still was not used. However, later, the murder of SM Kirov Stalin unleashed his hands and allowed to take the course at the physical destruction of the Leninist Party Guard. Stalin personally met with convicts, the promise of life in exchange for pleading guilty and after the confession followed the death sentence and the bloody tragedy. No similar transactions with Rutin, protesting against the very methods of investigation (even resorted to a 20 day hunger strike!), Concluded it was not possible. Its preparation for sho w trials was thwarted. 10th January 1938 held a closed trial, which lasted 40 minutes and a half hour Martemyan Nikitich was shot Civil pathos Riutin platform -. A comprehensive denunciation of Stalin and his politics, as politicians leading the country to an economic and political disaster . Here are just some of the many Riutin denunciation of Stalins despotism:  «Lenin was the leader, but he was not a dictator; Stalin, on the contrary, is a dictator, but not a leader. Stalin never was a real, authentic leader  »  « unprincipled politician and the sophist, cook dirty cooking with regard to the conditions of the Soviet Union -. This is a moral and political complexion of Stalin  »  «! agriculture is experiencing a catastrophe. phony Potemkin successes of collectivization were achieved due to the incredible terror against the bulk of the village, that there was a wave of unprecedented peasant revolts of the middle peasant, poor peasant masses, rebellions which in many cases involved members of the party and Komsomol, uprisings, which sometimes led members party since 1918, and in one case even a district commissioner OGPU. Only major uprisings with thousands of participants each during this period of the Soviet Union was more than 500 and smaller and even more  ».  « there are 400-500 thousand. Unemployed in the latent form of the Soviet Union (Stalin is fraudulent way and hide will hide, because hes unemployment eliminated). Over the next 1-2 years, unemployment will cover at least 2-2.5 million. Workers.  »  « Socialist construction, Stalin turned to the construction of the pharaoh. Building on the bones of the workers and working on poverty, on the robbery of the masses and violence against them not a genuine socialist construction  »  « Stalin proletarian dictatorship and socialist construction, according to their actual content, to a great extent already. destroyed.  »  « Genuine Leninism is now moved into hiding, is forbidden teachings  ».  « Construction of Pharaoh and was building politarnogo, or rather, industro- or otherwise neopolitarnogo society in Russia. Deep theoretical pathos platform the prophecy come true collapse of the proletarian dictatorship of the state and the transfer of power into the hands of unscrupulous officials, appointees, soldered relations of personal loyalty despot-politarhu. And even historic importance historiosophical Riutin documents is that they open up for us the most important historical metaphor: the first in the organized political struggle with neopolitarizmom stood his real political antipodes the revolutionary Marxists, Leninists. Those who for decades our agitprop carefully showered lies and slander, those who have used and enjoyed by the powers that be and indulge them subservient to ideological sole exclusive right and without hypocrisy, the privilege of hatred (MA Lifshitz)

Alderfers modified need hierarchy model Essay Example

Alderfers modified need hierarchy model Essay Example Alderfers modified need hierarchy model Paper Alderfers modified need hierarchy model Paper This model condenses Maslows five levels of needs into only three levels based on the core needs of existence, relatedness and growth. Existence needs are concerned with sustaining human existence and survival, and cover physiological and safety needs of a material nature. Relatedness needs are concerned with relationships to the social environment, and cover love or belonging, affiliation, and meaningful interpersonal relationships of safety or esteem nature. Growth needs are consist of the development of potential, and cover self-esteem and self-actualisation. Alderfer proposed a number of basic propositions relating to the three need relationships. Some of these propositions followed Maslows theory, some were the reverse of the theory. Like Maslow, Alderfer suggests that individuals progress through the hierarchy from existence needs, to relatedness needs, to growth needs, as the lower-level needs become satisfied. However, Alderfer suggests these needs are more a continuum than hierarchical level. More than one need may be activated at the same time. Individuals may also progress down the hierarchy. Unlike Masolws theory, the results of Alderfers work suggest that lower-level needs do not have to be satisfied before a higher-level need emerges as a motivating influence. ERG theory states that an individual is motivated to satisfy one or more basic sets of needs. Therefore if a persons needs at a particular level are blocked then attention should be focused on the satisfaction of needs at the other levels. For example, if a subordinates growth needs are blocked because the job does not allow sufficient opportunity for personal development, then the manager should attempt to provide greater opportunities for the subordinate to satisfy existence and relatedness needs. Herzbergs two-factor theory Herzberg extended the work of Maslow and developed a specific content theory of work motivation. He used the critical incident method of obtaining data for analysis. There are two questions been asked in the study. (1) when did you feel particularly good about your job-what turned you on; (2) when did you feel exceptionally bad about you job-what turned you off? Herzberg concluded that job satisfiers are related to job content and that job dissatisfiers are allied to job context. Herzberg labeled satisfiers motivators, and he called the dissatisfiers hygiene factors. This theory is Herzbergs two-factor theory of motivation. Herzbergs original study consisted of interviews with 203 accountants and engineers, chosen because of their growing importance in the business world, from different industries in the Pittsburgh. Responses obtained from this critical incident method were interesting and fairly consistent. Reported good feelings were generally associated with job experiences and job content. An example was the accounting supervisor who felt good about given the job of installing new computer equipment. He took pride in his work and was gratified to know that the new equipment made a big difference in the overall functioning of his department. Reported bad feeling, on the other hand, were generally associated with the surrounding or peripheral aspects of the job-the job context. An example of these feeling was related by an engineer whose first job was to keep tabulation sheets and manage the office when the boss was gone. It turned out that his boss was always too busy to train him and became annoyed when he tried to ask questions. The engineer said that he was frustrated in this job context and that he felt like a flunky in a deaf-end job. The motivation-hygiene theory has extended Maslows hierarchy of need theory and is more directly applicable to the work situation. Herzbergs theory suggests that if management is to provide positive motivation then attention must be given not only to hygiene factors, but also to the motivating factors. The work of Herzberg indicates that it is more likely good performance leads to job satisfaction rather than the reverse.

Literacy Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literacy Practices - Essay Example Writing and reading are always understood in the context they are written in. Many individuals consider reading as an easy way of handling boredom and the discomforts associated with waiting. It turns a time duration that will otherwise be rendered useless, into an appropriate chance for acquiring knowledge and also entertainment. Reading is effective in developing a barrier between an individual and the external world. This enables the individual to ignore the undesired attention and ensure the sense of privacy. Concentrating attention on text materials renders it socially appropriate to ignore the interaction with other individuals. The language that the text is written in is very important. For instance, the outsiders can consider individuals reading the English newspaper or magazine in India as favoring the foreign cultures. But, this does not illustrate the complexities of the usage of the English language in India. India’s national language, and thus is easily applied during the important official communications. In India, the English language is majorly associated with the middle and upper classes. Thus, reading English literary materials associates an individual with higher aspirations. English is the key language in India’s higher education system. Thus individual reading English texts, illustrates higher academic achievements. English is also the official communication language during large scale commerce nationally or internationally. Thus English is significant in the business culture. Lecture instructions, diaries and blogs are common everyday writings that are considered â€Å"vernacular literary practices.† The practices illustrate significant personal roles that assist in organizing life by making records of issues like; finance, birthdays, social contacts, and life documentaries. Analysis of these practices illustrates the insights into the practices of ordinary